-
1 foreign patenting
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > foreign patenting
-
2 зарубежное патентование
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > зарубежное патентование
-
3 зарубежное патентование
filing an application abroad, foreign filing, foreign patentingРусско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > зарубежное патентование
-
4 McCormick, Cyrus
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1809 Walnut Grove, Virginia, USAd. 1884 USA[br]American inventor of the first functionally and commercially successful reaping machine; founder of the McCormick Company, which was to become one of the founding companies of International Harvester.[br]Cyrus McCormick's father, a farmer, began to experiment unsuccessfully with a harvesting machine between 1809 and 1816. His son took up the challenge and gave his first public demonstration of his machine in 1831. It cut a 4 ft swathe, but, wanting to perfect the machine, he waited until 1834 before patenting it, by which time he felt that his invention was threatened by others of similar design. In the same year he entered an article in the Mechanics Magazine, warning competitors off his design. His main rival was Obed Hussey who contested McCormick's claim to the originality of the idea, having patented his own machine six months before McCormick.A competition between the two machines was held in 1843, the judges favouring McCormick's, even after additional trials were conducted after objections of unfairness from Hussey. The rivalry continued over a number of years, being avidly reported in the agricultural press. The publicity did no harm to reaper sales, and McCormick sold twenty-nine machines in 1843 and fifty the following year.As the westward settlement movement progressed, so the demand for McCormick's machine grew. In order to be more central to his markets, McCormick established himself in Chicago. In partnership with C.M.Gray he established a factory to produce 500 harvesters for the 1848 season. By means of advertising and offers of credit terms, as well as production-line assembly, McCormick was able to establish himself as sole owner and also control all production, under the one roof. By the end of the decade he dominated reaper production but other developments were to threaten this position; however, foreign markets were appearing at the same time, not least the opportunities of European sales stimulated by the Great Exhibition in 1851. In the trials arranged by the Royal Agricultural Society of England the McCormick machine significantly outperformed that of Hussey's, and as a result McCormick arranged for 500 to be made under licence in England.In 1874 McCormick bought a half interest in the patent for a wire binder from Charles Withington, a watchmaker from Janesville, Wisconsin, and by 1885 a total of 50,000 wire binders had been built in Chicago. By 1881 McCormick was producing twine binders using Appleby's twine knotter under a licence agreement, and by 1885 the company was producing only twine binders. The McCormick Company was one of the co-founders of the International Harvester Company in 1901.[br]Bibliography1972, The Century of the Reaper, Johnson Reprint (the original is in the New York State Library).Further ReadingGraeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (deals in detail with McCormick's developments).G.H.Wendell, 1981, 150 Years of International Harvester, Crestlink (though more concerned with the machinery produced by International Harvester, it gives an account of its originating companies).T.W.Hutchinson, 1930, Cyrus Hall McCormick, Seedtime 1809–1856; ——1935, Cyrus Hall McCormick, Harvest 1856–1884 (both attempt to unravel the many claims surrounding the reaper story).Herbert N.Casson, 1908, The Romance of the Reaper, Doubleday Page (deals with McCormick, Deering and the formation of International Harvester).AP
См. также в других словарях:
Glossary of patent legal concepts — Patent law (patents for inventions) … Wikipedia
Raghunath Anant Mashelkar — Infobox Scientist name = Raghunath Anant Mashelkar box width = image width = 200px caption = World renowned scientist birth date = January 1, 1943 birth place = Mashel, Goa death date = death place = residence = Pune citizenship = nationality =… … Wikipedia
List of Ig Nobel Prize winners — This is a list of Ig Nobel Prize winners from 1991 to the present day. A parody of the Nobel Prizes, the Ig Nobel Prizes are given each year in early October around the time the recipients of the genuine Nobel Prizes are announced for ten… … Wikipedia
On-sale bar — The on sale bar of 35 U.S.C. 102 is a United States patent law term that means if an invention has been for sale for over one year, it is no longer patentable. Contents 1 35 U.S.C. 102(b) 2 MPEP 2133.03(b) On Sale [R 2] 2100 Patentability 3 … Wikipedia
Transformation of culture — Transformation of culture, or cultural change, to the dynamic process whereby the living cultures of the world are changing and adapting to external or internal forces. This process is occurring within Western culture as well as non Western and… … Wikipedia
Pharmaceutical industry in the People's Republic of China — The pharmaceutical industry is one of the leading industries in People s Republic of China, covering synthetic chemicals and drugs, prepared Chinese medicines, medical devices, apparatus and instruments, hygiene materials, packing materials, and… … Wikipedia
Software patent debate — is the argument dealing with the extent to which it should be possible to patent software and computer implemented inventions as a matter of public policy. Policy debate on software patents has been active for years. [Cite book |last=Nichols… … Wikipedia
Iran National Science Foundation — The Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) (صندوق حمایت از پژوهشگران کشور in Persian) is an Iranian government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the fields of science, engineering and medical science.The current INSF … Wikipedia
religion — religionless, adj. /ri lij euhn/, n. 1. a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, esp. when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and… … Universalium
Joseph Chamberlain — The Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain The Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain Leader of the Opposition … Wikipedia
native American — native American, adj. a person born in the United States. [1835 45, Amer.] * * * ▪ indigenous peoples of Canada and United States Introduction also called American Indian, Amerindian, Amerind, Indian, Aboriginal American, or First Nation… … Universalium
